凯恩梗（Cairn Terrier）

【名 称】
凯恩梗名字取自石堆之意。属于工作梗中之最小型品种。在苏格兰高地的一些石堆，是古代罗马人的墓志。凯安梗即善于追踪那些在石堆里的老鼠，狐狸，有时追捕凶猛的欧洲猫。

【血 统】
凯恩梗是惹人喜爱的，活泼的小型梗。其历史可追溯到500年前，源自斯开岛的凯恩梗与其他高地犬种，如苏格兰梗，白梗等属同一祖先。凯恩梗除追捕食物外，通常用来猎兔，鼹鼠，水獭等。1912年英国肯内尔犬俱乐部正式确立此品种。当时不少饲养者将此犬与西部高地白梗进行交配，改良出具有西部高地白梗血统的深色品种，登记为凯安梗。因此，1924年，英国肯内尔犬俱乐部为了分别这两种品种，拒绝了交配种后代的登记。

【颜 色】
凯恩梗毛色为红，灰色，奶油色，芥茉色或近黑色。

【身 高】
28~31厘米

【性 格】
凯恩梗聪明，忠诚，活泼，与人和善，是理想的家庭犬。

[凯恩梗历史]
凯恩梗是惹人喜爱的,活泼的小型梗.其历史可追溯到500年前,源自斯开岛的凯安梗与其他高地犬种,如苏格兰梗,白梗等属同一祖先.凯恩梗除追捕食物外,通常用来猎兔,鼹鼠,水獭等.1912年英国肯内尔犬俱乐部正式确立此品种.当时不少饲养者将此犬与西部高地白梗进行交配,改良出具有西部高地白梗血统的深色品种,登记为凯安梗.因此,1924年,英国肯内尔犬俱乐部为了分别这两种品种,拒绝了交配种后代的登记.

[凯恩梗外观标准]
头部:头盖宽广,眉头角度分明,与强壮的鼻口相连.
耳:小且直立,两耳间距宽.
眼:凹陷,两眼间隔大,暗褐色.两眼之间有很明显的凹陷 .
鼻子:黑色
身体:小型身材,强壮.强壮,胸厚实,背水平.
被毛:能够适应任何气候的上毛,覆盖着柔软的下毛,毛色为红,灰色,奶油色,芥茉色或近黑色.鼻口部及耳部颜色较暗.
四肢:长度中等,骨骼雄壮,大腿有结实的肌肉,四肢直.
足部:前足较后足大,稍微朝外,肉趾后.
尾:短且多毛,保持直立.
身高:28~31厘米
理想体重:6~7.5公斤

[凯恩梗简介]
凯恩梗是一种活跃的、爱玩的、勇敢的、小型工作梗，属于短腿类；其动作轻松、有力，身体结构不沉重，从前面看，腿很好地支撑着身体，肋骨深，与后躯结合良好，显得结实而且比例匀称，背长中等，具有粗硬而且能抵抗恶劣气候的被毛；头部比其他梗类犬短且宽，长有浓密的毛发，使表情显得狡猾。

[凯恩梗头部]
凯恩梗头颅与长度相比，显得宽阔，止部明确，头顶长有许多毛发，毛发也许比身体上的被毛软一些。口吻结实，但不能太长，或太重。牙齿大，不能是上颚突出式咬合或下颚突出式咬合。鼻镜为黑色。眼睛位置分的很开，下陷，长有浓密的眉毛。眼睛大小中等，浅褐色或深褐色，或与身体颜色匹配，具有梗类犬典型的热情眼神。耳朵小，立耳，位置分的很开，位于头部两侧。从长长的毛发中露出来。

[凯恩梗尾巴]
与头部比例恰当，长有大量毛发，但没有饰毛。尾巴欢快地举着，但不能卷在背上。尾根位置与背平面齐平。

[凯恩梗身躯]
凯恩梗肌肉发达、结实、有活力，身体健康，肋骨深，与结实的后躯结合，背部水平，中等长度，给人的印象是结实、有活力而不沉重。

[凯恩梗肩、腿和足爪]
肩部倾斜，腿长度中等，骨量充足但不厚重；前肢的肘部不外翻，应该是非常完美的垂直，但前足爪也许略呈外八字。后足爪比前足爪大一些。腿上必须长满粗硬的毛发。脚垫应该厚且结实，牢固地支撑着狗的全身。

[凯恩梗被毛]
坚硬且能抵抗恶劣的天气。必须有两层毛：浓密、粗糙的披毛和短、柔软、浓密的底毛。

[凯恩梗颜色]
可以是除了白色以外的任何颜色。耳朵、口吻及尾尖必须为深色。

[凯恩梗理想的体型]
包括体重、肩高、体长。母狗体重为13磅；公狗体重为14磅。母凯恩梗肩高约9.5英寸；公凯恩梗肩高为10英寸。体长约14.5~15英寸。必须比例匀称，腿既不能太长，也不能太短。这一体重标准是对成年狗（2岁）而言，年龄大的狗也许更重些或年龄更小些的狗也许轻一些。

[凯恩梗特点]
应该显得肌肉发达，既不太胖也不太瘦。头上长有大量毛发，耳朵尖、尾巴和足爪整洁、呈绒球状。步态轻松、不费力，只需要稍稍牵引，无须操纵。用足尖站立，显现出梗类犬特有的表情。

[缺陷的凯恩梗]
1、 头颅太窄。
2、 口吻太长而且嘴脸太重。
3、 眼睛太大，突出、黄色、呈环状都属于缺陷。
4、 耳朵太大、耳尖太圆、位置太近、太高；被过重的毛发遮盖。
5、 腿和足爪的骨量太重或太轻。前肢弯曲或肘部外翻。足爪薄或似貂爪。足爪的后跟太靠下，分的太开。腿太长或太短。
6、 身躯，背太短且紧接身体，影响行动和转身。太长，象蛇一样的身躯，显得虚弱。尾巴位置太低。背线不平。
7、 被毛，被毛松散、被毛杂乱、太短或死板的被毛、缺乏足够的底毛、头部缺少足够毛发、腿部缺少足够硬毛。柔软或卷曲的毛发。轻微的波状毛是允许的。
8、 肉色或浅色鼻镜。
9、 在胸部、足爪或身体其他部分出现白色。

Cairn Terrier Breed Standard
Terrier Group

General Appearance
That of an active, game, hardy, small working terrier of the short-legged class; very free in its movements, strongly but not heavily built, standing well forward on its forelegs, deep in the ribs, well coupled with strong hindquarters and presenting a well-proportioned build with a medium length of back, having a hard, weather-resisting coat; head shorter and wider than any other terrier and well furnished with hair giving a general foxy expression.

Head
Skull - Broad in proportion to length with a decided stop and well furnished with hair on the top of the head, which may be somewhat softer than the body coat. Muzzle - Strong but not too long or heavy. Teeth - Large, mouth neither overshot nor undershot. Nose - Black. Eyes - Set wide apart, rather sunken, with shaggy eyebrows, medium in size, hazel or dark hazel in color, depending on body color, with a keen terrier expression. Ears - Small, pointed, well carried erectly, set wide apart on the side of the head. Free from long hairs.

Tail
In proportion to head, well furnished with hair but not feathery. Carried gaily but must not curl over back. Set on at back level.

Body
Well-muscled, strong, active body with well-sprung, deep ribs, coupled to strong hindquarters, with a level back of medium length, giving an impression of strength and activity without heaviness.

Shoulders, Legs and Feet
A sloping shoulder, medium length of leg, good but not too heavy bone; forelegs should not be out at elbows, and be perfectly straight, but forefeet may be slightly turned out. Forefeet larger than hind feet. Legs must be covered with hard hair. Pads should be thick and strong and dog should stand well up on its feet.

Coat
Hard and weather-resistant. Must be double-coated with profuse harsh outer coat and short, soft, close furry undercoat.

Color
May be of any color except white. Dark ears, muzzle and tail tip are desirable.

Ideal Size
Involves the weight, the height at the withers and the length of body. Weight for bitches, 13 pounds; for dogs, 14 pounds. Height at the withers-bitches, 9? inches; dogs, 10 inches. Length of body from 14? to 15 inches from the front of the chest to back of hindquarters. The dog must be of balanced proportions and appear neither leggy nor too low to ground; and neither too short nor too long in body. Weight and measurements are for matured dogs at two years of age. Older dogs may weigh slightly in excess and growing dogs may be under these weights and measurements.

Condition
Dogs should be shown in good hard flesh, well muscled and neither too fat or thin. Should be in full good coat with plenty of head furnishings, be clean, combed, brushed and tidied up on ears, tail, feet and general outline. Should move freely and easily on a loose lead, should not cringe on being handled, should stand up on their toes and show with marked terrier characteristics.

Faults
1. Skull - Too narrow in skull.
2. Muzzle - Too long and heavy a foreface; mouth overshot or undershot.
3. Eyes - Too large, prominent, yellow, and ringed are all objectionable.
4. Ears - Too large, round at points, set too close together, set too high on the head; heavily covered with hair.
5. Legs and Feet - Too light or too heavy bone. Crooked forelegs or out at elbow. Thin, ferrety feet; feet let down on the heel or too open and spread. Too high or too low on the leg.
6. Body - Too short back and compact a body, hampering quickness of movement and turning ability. Too long, weedy and snaky a body, giving an impression of weakness. Tail set on too low. Back not level.
7. Coat - Open coats, blousy coats, too short or dead coats, lack of sufficient undercoat, lack of head furnishings, lack of hard hair on the legs. Silkiness or curliness. A slight wave permissible.
8. Nose - Flesh or light-colored nose.
9. Color - White on chest, feet or other parts of body.